명곡감상
오스트리아의 작곡가 아르놀트 쇤베르크 (Arnold Schoenberg, 1874 ~ 1951)의 Variations Op. 31 (Chicago / Barenboim LIVE)
아르놀트 쇤베르크 (독: Arnold Schönberg, 1941년 이후: Arnold Schoenberg, 1874년 9월 13일 ~ 1951년 7월 13일)는 오스트리아에서 태어나 미국으로 귀화한 작곡가, 음악이론가이자 음악교육가이다.
쇤베르크의 가계는 빈에 기반을 둔 유대인 집안이다. 1933년 독일에서 국가사회주의 노동자당이 정권을 획득하자 미국으로 도피하였으며, 1941년에 미국 국적을 취득하였다.
쇤베르크는 20세기 전반기의 가장 영향력있는 작곡가 중의 하나였으며, 조성음악의 해체에 기여한 중심인물 중 하나이다.
장조와 단조에 기반한 조성의 해체는 시기적으로 1906년과 1909년 사이에 이루어졌다. 쇤베르크는 12음기법을 확립한 장본인 중의 한 명이며, 12음기법은 음렬주의 음악으로 발전하여 현대음악에서 많은 작곡가들의 음악에 계승되었다.
- 아르놀트 쇤베르크 (Arnold Schoenberg)
.본명: 아르놀트 쇤베르크 (Arnold Schönberg)
.출생: 1874년 9월 13일, 오스트리아 빈 레오폴트슈타트
.사망: 1951년 7월 13일, 미국 캘리포니아 로스앤젤레스
.예술 사조: 청기사파
.배우자: 게르트루드 쇤베르크 (1924 ~ 1951년), 마틸드 쳄린스키 (1901 ~ 1923년)
.자녀: 로널드 쇤베르크, 누리아 쇤베르크, 게르트루드 그레이슬, 누리아 쇤베르크 노노 등
○ Arnold Schoenberg – Variations Op. 31 (Chicago/Barenboim LIVE)
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was a Jewish Austrian composer, music theorist, and painter.
He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School.
By 1938, with the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg’s works were labeled degenerate music, because he was Jewish (Anon. 1997–2013).
He moved to the United States in 1934.
Variations for Orchestra, Op. 31 (1926-28) Chicago Symphony conducted by Daniel Barenboim live 6 October 2005, Orchestra Hall, Chicago.
Description by John Keillor [-] Arnold Schoenberg’s Variations for Orchestra, Op. 31, completed in 1928, is among a clutch of works composed from 1925-1928 in his neo-Classical style.
These pieces include his Wind Quintet, Op. 26, Suite, Op. 29, String Quartet No. 3, Op. 30, and parts of his Suite for Piano, Op. 25. Neo-Classicism was not a step backwards in time when handled by Schoenberg, but rather an attempt to offer listeners structural points of reference with which they could identify.
His treatment of the 12-tone system is always natural and approachable.
The Op. 31 shares an easygoing spirit similar to his third string quartet. Neither work is especially intense, whereas the Op. 25, Op. 26, and Op. 29 share the composer’s focused, fighting spirit.
Both the Op. 30 and Op. 31 were written in Berlin during Schoenberg’s professorship at the Prussian Academy of Fine Arts, where he replaced the recently deceased Busoni.
The professorship in composition came with more perks and privileges than Schoenberg had previously known.
The better living conditions were enough to relax some of his scrappier musical instincts. In a secure enough position to write comfortably, the ferocity of his genius gave way to elegance.
Schoenberg’s Variations for Orchestra include an introduction, 12 variations, and a finale.
The character of each variation is distinct and occasionally the hammer of his intense spirit does assert itself, but so do episodes of playful ease.
Variation 4, marked Walzertempo, is as gentle as a Viennese waltz, while the following variation bears the mark of a stern musical champion.
These diverse affects cohere seamlessly, building a holistic world of sound from a tone row constructed of two hexachords of identical intervalic properties.
The famous BACH cipher (B flat, A, C, B natural) is prominent as well. The premiere of the Op. 31 featured the illustrious Wilhelm Furtwangler conducting the Berlin Philharmonic on December 2, 1928.
Never before had such an important conductor taken on a concert work by Schoenberg or any other member of the Second Viennese School. The reviews were unfavorable but they did not interfere with Schoenberg’s creativity as he launched into one of the most productive periods of his career.
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