명곡감상
오스트리아의 피아니스트 프리드리히 굴다 (Friedrich Gulda, 1930 ~ 2000)의 J. S. Bach – Minuet from the 1st Partita in B-flat major
프리드리히 굴다 (Friedrich Gulda, 1930년 5월 16일 ~ 2000년 1월 27일)는 오스트리아의 피아니스트이다. 클래식과 재즈 음악 분야에서 활동했다.
○ 생애 및 활동
프리드리히 굴다 (Friedrich Gulda)는 1930년 5월 16일, 빈의 교육자 부모 밑에서 태어났다.
음악 애호가였던 부모의 영향으로 일찍부터 음악 교육을 받아 12세에 빈 음악원에 입학하고, 1946년에는 16세의 나이로 제네바 국제 음악 콩쿠르에서 우승했다.
바두라스코다, 데무스와 함께 빈의 삼총사 중의 한 사람으로, 셋 중에서 가장 손가락을 잘 움직인다는 정평이 있다.
젊은 시절 모차르트와 베토벤의 명수로 인정받았으며 두 번에 걸쳐 베토벤 전집을 녹음하는 기록을 남겼다.
모차르트의 작품을 연주할 때는 악보에 없는 음부를 치기도 했다.
모차르트의 <피아노 협주곡 내림나장조>등에 그의 흩뜨리지 않는 연주 특징 등이 잘 나타나 있다.
연주회에 연미복이 아닌 티셔츠에 모자를 쓰고 나타나는 일이 많았고, 언론에 자신이 죽었다는 보도문을 팩스로 보내놓고 며칠 뒤 유유히 나타나 부활 콘서트를 여는 기행도 보였다.
만년에는 재즈와 즉흥음악에 심취해 자주 협연을 했다.
2000년 1월 27일에 자신의 저택에서 심장마비로 별세하였다.
○ Friedrich Gulda: J. S. Bach – Minuet from the 1st Partita in B-flat major
On November 19th of 1990 Friedrich Gulda gave an encompassing account of his unique art in an uninterrupted 90-minute solo performance at the Philharmonie in Munich, Germany. LOFT music is proud to have presented and recorded this memorable musical event.
J. S. Bach – Minuet from the 1st Partita in B-flat major
Friedrich Gulda (16 May 1930 – 27 January 2000) was an Austrian pianist and composer who worked in both the classical and jazz fields.
Born in Vienna as the son of a teacher, Gulda began learning to play the piano from Felix Pazofsky at the Wiener Volkskonservatorium, aged 7. In 1942, he entered the Vienna Music Academy, where he studied piano and musical theory under Bruno Seidlhofer and Joseph Marx.
He won first prize at the Geneva International Music Competition in 1946. Initially, the jury preferred the Belgian pianist Lode Backx, but when the final vote was taken, Gulda was the winner. One of the jurors, Eileen Joyce, who favoured Backx, stormed out and claimed the other jurors were unfairly influenced by Gulda’s supporters. Gulda began to play concerts worldwide. He made his Carnegie Hall debut in 1950. Together with Jörg Demus and Paul Badura-Skoda, Gulda formed what became known as the “Viennese troika”.
Although most famous for his Mozart and Beethoven interpretations, Gulda also performed the music of J. S. Bach (often on clavichord), Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Debussy and Ravel. His recordings of Bach’s Well Tempered Clavier are well regarded by collectors. Apart from the Well Tempered Clavier, Gulda performed very few other pieces by Bach and recorded even fewer. Gulda’s later reliance on co-operating with companies whose recording techniques were primitive in comparison to those espoused by more sophisticated rivals stood him in very poor stead with regard to posterity. The rescued Mozart sonata tapes issued on DG are unbelievably bad in terms of recorded technical quality; likewise the Debussy Preludes and Bach recordings of the late 60s and early 70s.
From the 1950s on Gulda cultivated an interest in jazz, writing several songs and instrumental pieces, and at times combining jazz and classical music in his concerts. In 1956, he performed at Birdland in New York City and at the Newport Jazz Festival. He organized the International Competition for Modern Jazz in 1966, and he established the International Musikforum, a school for students who wanted to learn improvisation, in Ossiach, Austria, in 1968. He once said: “There can be no guarantee that I will become a great jazz musician, but at least I shall know that I am doing the right thing. I don’t want to fall into the routine of the modern concert pianist’s life, nor do I want to ride the cheap triumphs of the Baroque bandwagon.”
In jazz, he found “the rhythmic drive, the risk, the absolute contrast to the pale, academic approach I had been taught.” He also took up playing the baritone saxophone.
Phillips Records included Gulda in its Great Pianists of the 20th Century CD box set, which came out in 1999. His piano students included Martha Argerich, who called Gulda “my most important influence,” and the conductor Claudio Abbado.
He expressed a wish to die on the birthday of Mozart, the composer he most adored, and did so. He died of heart failure at the age of 69 on 27 January 2000 at his home in Weissenbach, Austria. Gulda is buried in the cemetery of Steinbach am Attersee, Austria. He was married twice, first to Paola Loew and then to Yuko Wakiyama. Two of his three sons, Paul and Rico Gulda, one from each of his marriages, are accomplished pianists.
참고 = 위키백과, 유튜브
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