1978년 5월 1일, 아르메니아계 러시아 작곡가 아람 하차투리안 (Aram Khachaturian, 1903 ~ 1978) 별세
아람 예리아이 하차투리안 (Aram Khachaturian, 러: Арам Ильич Хачатурян, 1903년 6월 6일 ~ 1978년 5월 1일)은 아르메니아의 서양 고전 음악 작곡가이다.
– 아람 하차투리안 (Aram Khachaturian)
.본명: 아람 예리아이 하차투랸
.출생: 1903년 6월 6일(율리우스력 5월 24일), 러시아 제국 티플리스현 티플리스
.사망: 1978년 5월 1일(74세), 소련 러시아 소비에트 연방 사회주의 공화국 모스크바
.성별: 남성
.국적: 아르메니아
.학력: 모스크바 음악원
.활동 기간: 1926~1978
.정당: 소련 공산당 (1943년부터)
소련 음악계를 주도한 작곡가 중 하나로 평가받는다.
○ 생애 및 활동
하차투리안은 조지아의 가난한 아르메니아계 집안에서 태어났다.
부모님은 서로 얼굴도 모른 채 어린 나이에 약혼해 아이들을 낳았는데, 아람 하차투리안은 4남 1녀 중 막내로 태어났다.
그는 어렸을 때 음악을 좋아했지만 배울 기회가 없었다.
1921년 그는 러시아어도 모르고 음악에 대한 지식도 없는 채 음악을 배우기 위해 홀로 모스크바로 갔다. 하지만 그가 Gnesin Institute에서 미하일 그네신에게 작곡을 배우면서 음악적 재능을 나타내기 시작했다.
1929년에 모스크바 콘소바토리로 전학하여 니콜라이 미야스코프스키를 사사했다.
1951년에 모스크바의 Gnesiny State Musical and Pedagogical Institute와 모스크바 콘소바토리의 교수가 되었다.
하차투리안은 75번째 생일을 앞두고 1978년 5월 1일 모스크바에서 별세했다.
○ Awards and honors
- Soviet Union
Hero of Socialist Labour (1973)
Order of Lenin (1939, 1963, 1973)
People’s Artist of the USSR (1954), Russian SFSR (1947), Armenian SSR (1955), Georgian SSR (1963), Azerbaijan SSR (1973)
Honored Art Worker of the Armenian SSR (1938), Russian SFSR (1944), Uzbek SSR (1967)
Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1945, 1966)
Order of the October Revolution (1971)
Lenin Prize (1959) for the ballet Spartacus
Stalin Prize (1941 for Violin Concerto, 1943 for ballet Gayane, 1946 for the Second Symphony, 1950 for the film The Battle of Stalingrad
USSR State Prize (1971 for the Triad of Concerto-Rhapsodies: for violin and orchestra; for cello and orchestra; for piano and orchestra)
- Other states
Order of the Science of Art of the United Arab Republic (1961, “for outstanding musical achievements”)
Medal of Pope John XXIII (1963)
Medal of the Iranian Shah (1965)
Honored Art Worker of Polish People’s Republic (1972, “for contribution to the Polish culture”)
Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France) and title of Commandeur (1974)
- Academic titles
Professor of Music — 1950
Honorary Member of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Rome, Italy — 1960
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Arts of the German Democratic Republic — 1961
Honorary Professor of the Conservatorio Nacional de Música, Mexico — 1960
Full Member (Academician) of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR — 1963
Doctor of Arts (Доктор искусствоведения), Academy of Sciences of the USSR — 1965
○ 작품
그는 아르메니아 전통음악의 영향을 받았다. 그의 작품으로는 바이올린·첼로·피아노를 위한 협주곡과 세 개의 교향곡, 그리고 발레곡 《스파르타쿠스》와 《가야네》가 있다. 특히 가야네는 그 한 악장인 〈칼춤〉으로 유명하다.
*Bibliography
- Books and book chapters
Bakst, James (1977). “Khachaturyan”. A History of Russian-Soviet Music (Reprint ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0837194229.
Chebotaryan, Gayane (1969). Полифония в творчестве Арама Хачатуряна [Polyphony in Aram Khachaturian’s Works] (in Russian). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing. OCLC 9225122.
Fay, Laurel E. (1990). Aram Khachaturian: a complete catalogue. New York: G. Schirmer Inc.OCLC 23711723.
Geodakyan, Gevorg (1972). Арам Хачатурян [Aram Khachaturian] (in Russian). Yerevan: Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences Press.
Karagiulian, E. (1961). Симфоническое творчество А. Хачатуряна [Symphonic Oeuvre of A. Khachaturian] (in Russian). Yerevan: Armgosizdat. OCLC 25716788.
Kharajanian, R. (1973). Фортепианное творчество Арама Хачатуряна [Aram Khachaturian’s piano music] (in Russian). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing.
Khubov, Georgii (1939). Арам Хачатурян. Эскиз характеристики [Aram Khachaturian. Sketches of characteristics] (in Russian). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe muzykal’noe izdatel’stvo. OCLC 29138604.
Khubov, Georgii (1967). Арам Хачатурян:монография [Aram Khachaturian: monography] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Muzyka. OCLC 4940007.
Robinson, Harlow (2013). “The Caucasian Connection: National Identity in the Ballets of Aram Khachaturian”. In Kanet, Roger E. (ed.). Identities, Nations and Politics After Communism. Routledge. pp. 23–32. ISBN 9781317968665.
Rybakova, S. (1975). Арам Ильич Хачатурян: Сборник статей [Aram Khachaturian: Collection of articles] (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetsky Kompozitor.
Shneerson, Grigory (1959). Aram Khachaturyan. Xenia Danko (translator). Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
Tigranov, Georgiĭ (1978). Арам Ильич Хачатурян: очерк жизни и творчества [Aram Khachaturian: Outline of Life and Work] (in Russian). Leningrad: Muzyka. OCLC 8495433.
Tigranov, Georgiĭ (1987). Арам Ильич Хачатурян [Aram Ilʹich Khachaturi︠a︡n] (in Russian). Moscow: Muzyka. OCLC 17793679.
Yuzefovich, Victor (1985). Aram Khachaturyan. Nicholas Kournokoff and Vladimir Bobrov (translators). New York: Sphinx Press. ISBN 0-8236-8658-2.
Grigoryan, Armine (2012). Shahmanyan, Anahit (ed.). Album: Aram Khachaturian. Aram Khachaturian Museum, Ministry of Culture of RA. Yerevan: “Krunk” Publishing.
Avetisyan, Nelly (2014). Grigoryan, Armine (ed.). Aram Khachaturian and The Contemporary World. Aram Khachaturian Museum, Ministry of Culture of RA. Yerevan: “Amrots Group”, “Tigran Mec” Publishing. ISBN 978-99941-31-80-8.
Grigoryan, Armine; Shahgaldyan, Karen; Kocharyan, Karen, eds. (2016). Aram Khachaturian. Arrangements for Piano Trio. Arranged by Avetik Pivazyan and Ruben Asatryan. Aram Khachaturian Museum, Ministry of Culture of RA. Yerevan: “Komitas” Publishing. ISMN 979-0-801-600-79-0.
Grigoryan, Armine; Shahmanyan, Anahit, eds. (2017). Արամ Խաչատրյան. նամականի[Aram Khachaturian: Complete Collection of Letters] (in Armenian). Aram Khachaturian Museum, Ministry of Culture of RA. Yerevan: “Grakan Hayreniq”, “Hayastan” Publishing. ISBN 978-5-540-02446-4.
- Dictionary and encyclopedia articles
“Aram Ilich Khachaturian”. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale. 2004.
“Aram Khachaturian”. The Complete Classical Music Guide. London: Dorling Kindersley. 2012. p. 301. ISBN 9781465401342.
Blackwood, Alan (2013). “Aram Khachaturian”. In Stacy, Lee; Henderson, Lol (eds.). Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 341. ISBN 978-1-57958-079-7.
Geodakyan, Gevorg (1979). “Խաչատրյան Արամ [Khachatryan Aram]”. Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 5 (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing. pp. 18–20.
Geodakyan, Gevorg (1981). “Хачатурян А. И. [Khachaturian A. I.]”. Музыкальная энциклопедия [Musical encyclopedia] (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya and Sovetsky Kompozitor. Archived from the original on 2014-03-22.
Johnston, Blair (2005). “Aram Khachaturian: Artist Biography”. In Woodstra, Chris; Brennan, Gerald; Schrott, Allen (eds.). All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music. San Francisco: Backbeat Books. pp. 685–6. ISBN 9780879308650.; also available online at AllMusic
“Khachaturian, Aram”. Current Biography Yearbook. New York: H. W. Wilson Company. 9: 345. 1949.
Lebrecht, Norman (1996). “Aram Khachaturian”. The Companion to 20th-century Music. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 183. ISBN 9780306807343.
McCollum, Jonathan; Nercessian, Andy (2004). “Aram Khachaturian”. Armenian Music: A Comprehensive Bibliography and Discography. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN 9780810849679.
Petrak, Albert M., ed. (1985). “Khachaturian, Aram Ilyich”. David Mason Greene’s Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers(1st ed.). Garden City, New York: Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation. pp. 1329–30. ISBN 9780385142786.
Randel, Don Michael, ed. (1996). “Khachaturian, Aram Il’yich”. The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 445. ISBN 9780674372993. Khachaturian, Aram Il’yich.
Rosenberg, Kenyon C. (1987). “Khachaturian, Aram”. A Basic Classical and Operatic Recordings Collection for Libraries. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 9780810820418.
Tomoff, Kiril (2006). Creative Union: The Professional Organization of Soviet Composers, 1939-1953. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 9780801444111.
- Journal articles
Chebotaryan, Gayane (1963). Արամ Խաչատրյան (Ծննդյան 60-ամյակի առթիվ). Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. № 3 (3): 109–114.
Ehrenburg, Ilya; Khachaturian, Aram; Pomerantsev, V. (1954). “Three Soviet artists on the present needs of Soviet art”. Soviet Studies. Routledge. 5 (4): 412–445. doi:10.1080/09668135408409919.
Frolova-Walker, Marina (Summer 1998). “”National in Form, Socialist in Content”: Musical Nation-Building in the Soviet Republics”. Journal of the American Musicological Society. University of California Press on behalf of the American Musicological Society. 51 (2): 331–337. doi:10.2307/831980. JSTOR 831980.
Keldysh, Georgi (Summer 1954). “Soviet Music Today”. Tempo. 32 (32): 23–28. doi:10.1017/S0040298200051883. JSTOR 943199.
N., G. (July 1978). “Aram Khachaturian”. The Musical Times. Musical Times Publications. 19(1625): 619. JSTOR 958852.
Orga, Ates (1997). “Aram Il’yich Khachaturian (1903–1978)”. Naxos Records. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014.
Shostakovich, Dmitri (1959). “Яркий талант [Bright talent]”. Soviet Music (in Russian) (6). [an essay praising Khachaturian]
Steyn, Carol (2009). “Khachaturyan in Armenia today: his presence in Armenian music, art and architecture, rooted in Socialist Realism” (PDF). South African Journal of Art History. 24 (3): 9–23. ISSN 0258-3542. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 14, 2014.
Ter-Ghazarian, Zara (1983). Ա. Խաչատրյանի “Մակբեթ” ներկայացման պարտիտուրը[The score of A. Khachaturian’s play “Macbeth”]. Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. № 6(6): 23–28.
Tigranova, Irina G. (1970). Արամ Խաչատրյանի ոճի մի առանձնահատկության մասին [About a Certain Particuliarity of Aram Khachatourian’s Style]. Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. № 1 (1): 26–35.
- Newspaper articles
“Khachaturian, a Leading Soviet Composer, Dies at 74”. The New York Times. 3 May 1978.(archived)
Holland, Bernard (14 October 2003). “Khachaturian Beckons With Little-Known Works”. The New York Times.
Huizenga, Tom (5 June 2005). “The ‘Sabre Dance’ Man”. NPR. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014.
Pritsker, Maya (5 October 2003). “What Could Khachaturian Do Besides An Encore?”. The New York Times.
참고 = 위키백과
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