1991년 9월 28일, 프랑스의 작곡가 외젠 보자 (Eugène Joseph Bozza, 1905 ~ 1991) 별세
외젠 보자 (Eugène Joseph Bozza, 1905년 4월 4일 ~ 1991년 9월 28일)은 프랑스의 클래식 작곡가이다.
– 외젠 보자 (Eugène Joseph Bozza)
.출생: 1905년 4월 4일, 프랑스 니스
.사망: 1991년 9월 28일, 프랑스 발랑시엔
.국적: 프랑스
.학력: 파리 음악원
.장르: 클래식 음악
.주요작품: 다섯 개의 교향곡과 오페라 《레오니다스》 (Leonidas, 1947년), 발레곡 《해변의 장난》(Jeux de plage, 1946년) 등
그의 작품으로는 다섯 개의 교향곡과 오페라 《레오니다스》 (Leonidas, 1947년), 발레곡 《해변의 장난》(Jeux de plage, 1946년) 및 많은 관악을 위한 실내악곡을 남겼으나 그 작품의 대부분은 모국인 프랑스에서 연주되는 일은 드물다.
○ 생애 및 활동
보자는 이탈리아인, 프랑스인 양친 사이에서 니스에서 출생했다.
유년기 때부터 바이올린을 배운 후 파리 음악원에서 앙리 뷔셀, 잭 이벨 등에게 작곡, 지휘 및 바이올린을 배웠다.
그의 작품으로는 다섯 개의 교향곡과 오페라 《레오니다스》 (Leonidas, 1947년), 발레곡 《해변의 장난》 (Jeux de plage, 1946년) 및 많은 관악을 위한 실내악곡을 남겼으나 그 작품의 대부분은 모국인 프랑스에서 연주되는 일은 드물다.
1934년에는 칸타타 《루크마니의 전설》 (La légende de Roukmāni)로 로마대상을 받았다.
1939년부터 파리 오페라 코미크의 지휘자를 역임하였고, 1951년부터 1975년 은퇴할 때까지 발랑시엔에 있는 국립음악학교에서 교장을 역임했다.
1956년에 레종 도뇌르 훈장을 수훈하였고, 1991년 발랑시엔에서 서거하였다.
악보 출판사는 대부분 Alphonse Leduc, 일부는 Max Eschig, Peters에서 출판되었다.
○ 수상
- Premiers Prix du Conservatoire de Paris
1924: Premier Prix for violin
1930: Premier Prix for conducting
1934: Premier Prix for composition
- Other awards
1934: Grand Prix de Rome for composition
- Honours
1956: Chevalier de la Lègion d’Honneur
Officer des Palmes Academiques
Chevalier de la Couronne de Belgique
Officer du Mérite Nationale
Chevalier de la Couronne de Italie
Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Letters
Officer de l’Ordre du Nichaire-Iftukhar
Médaille d’Argent de la Ville de Paris
Grand Croix du Mèrit Musical
Médaille de Vermeil Arts-Sciences-Lettres
Médaille de la Ville de Valenciennes
Further reading and listening
○ 작품
비상한 다작가로 교향곡, 칸타타, 성악곡, 오페라, 협주곡 등 거의 모든 장르에 손댄 적이 있다.
보자의 작품, 현대에 속하는 작가이면서 특수한 기법이나 주법은 사용하지 않고 (관현악을 위한 에튀드 《도형악보》는 예외), 일반적인 주법만으로 창작하는 것이었다.
악기의 능력의 한계에 도전하는 연주기술이 요구되는 한편, 20세기의 프랑스 실내악의 특징인 표현력 풍부한 아름다운 선율을 지닌 형식을 잃지 않았다.
또, 레스피기, 프랑크, 라벨, 드뷔시 등, 보자 자신이 영향을 받은 다른 작곡가의 곡을 인용, 사용하였다.
호른과 피아노를 위한 《숲에서》에서는 레스피기의 《로마의 축제》의 사냥 팡파레가 인용되었다.
자신의 악곡에, 창작한 선율의 유용, 편곡도 많이 사용하였다.
초기의 색소폰을 위한 중요한 악곡인 《아리아》는 플루트, 바이올린, 클라리넷, 첼로와 현악 합주를 위한 편곡이 존재하며 플루트 4중주를 위한 《여름 산의 하루》는 제 2악장은 클라리넷 6중주를 위한 《반딧불이》, 색소폰 4중주를 위한 《눈》, 목관 5중주를 위한 《스케르쪼》등에 유용, 편곡되었다.
만년에는 플루트와 피아노를 위한 《일본민요의 주제에 따른 5곡》같은 평이한 기술로 연주되는 작품도 창작하나, 대부분의 악곡이 고도의 연주기술을 필요로 하며, 중~상급의 아마추어 연주자부터 프로 연주자에게까지 그의 음악은 관현악 주자의 일반적인 레퍼토리이다.
*List of compositions by Eugène Bozza
- Orchestral
.Ballet
Fêtes romaines (1939)
Jeux de plage (1945); in 1 act
.Orchestra
Scherzo (1943)
Variation libres et finale (1943)
Rapsodie niçoise (1944)
Pax triumphans, Symphonic Poem, Op. 63 (1945)
Sinfonietta for string orchestra, Op. 61 (1946)
Prélude et passacaille (1947)
Symphonie (1948)
Children’s Overture (1964)
Symphonie mimée
Mallorca
Suite pour un vaudeville, musique de scene pour la Station de Champbaudet
Danse de la terre
Voyages, Suite for orchestra and piano
Mikrophonie for 17 soloists
Figures sonores for 9 instruments
Hommage à Rossini
Marche des moissonneurs
Cinq mouvements for string orchestra (1970)
Symphony No. 1
Symphony No. 2
Symphony No. 3
Symphony No. 4
Symphony No. 5
.Concertante
Concertino for viola and orchestra (1932)
Concerto for violin and orchestra (1936)
Concerto for saxophone and orchestra (1937)
Introduzione et toccata for piano and orchestra (1938)
Concertino for alto saxophone and orchestra (1939)
Prélude et invention for chamber orchestra with piano obligato, Op. 24 (1939)
Ballade for tenor trombone and orchestra, Op. 62 (1944)
Concertino for bassoon and chamber orchestra, Op. 49 (1946)
Concerto for cello and orchestra, Op. 57 (1948)
Concertino for trumpet and chamber orchestra (1949)
Concerto for clarinet and chamber orchestra (1952)
Concertino for piano and winds (1955)
Concerto for violin, viola, cello, winds, harp and double bass (1955)
Concertino da camera for flute and string orchestra (or piano) (1964)
Sicilienne et rondo for piano and orchestra (1965)
Concertino for tuba (or bass saxhorn) and orchestra (1967)
Atmosphères for 4 flutes and chamber orchestra (1978)
Rapsodie niçoise for violin and orchestra
Divertissement for violin solo, winds, celesta and harp (1989)
.Wind band
Fanfare héroïque for 3 trumpets, 4 horns, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, drums and cymbals, Op. 46 (1944)
Ouverture pour une cérémonie for brass and percussion (1963)
Ouverture rythmique (1963)
Messe solennelle de Sainte Cécile for brass, timpani, organ and harp (ad libitum) (1968)
Marche solennelle des X. jeux olympiques d’hiver
…des enfants de Valenciennes
Pax triumphans (transcription for band)
- Vocal
.Opera
Léonidas (1947, revised 1974); in 3 acts, 4 scenes; libretto by Guy de Téramond
Beppo: ou Le mort dont personne ne voulait (1963); opera buffa in 1 act; libretto by José Bruyr
La duchesse de Langeais (1967); in 4 acts; libretto by Félix Forte after the novel by Honoré de Balzac
.Oratorio
Tentation de Saint Antoine (1948)
Passion de Jesus (1963)
Le chant de la mine
.Cantata
La légende de Roukmāni (1934)
Psaumes for chorus, orchestra and organ (1938)
Cantate du centenaire
.Choral
L’étoile du soir, Chorus for 3 female voices and piano (1946)
Requiem for soprano, tenor and baritone (1950)
Messe de sa Sainte té Pie XII for soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone (1955)
Messe de requiem for chorus and orchestra (1971)
Messe à trois voix a capella
Hymne for soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, baritone and piano or orchestra
Sur le chemin du moulin for 4 voices and piano
.Voice and piano
5 Chansons Niçoises for voice and piano, Op. 43 (1942)
5 Chansons florentines for high voice and piano (1946)
Colloque séntimental
Vocalise for voice and piano
- Piano
Pulcinella, Op. 53 (1946)
Toccata (1956)
Deux pièces faciles (1962)
Sonate for 2 pianos (1963)
Allegro de concert (1974)
Esquisse (1979)
Promenade dans le parc (1979)
- Chamber music
.Violin
Nocturne sur le lac du Bourget for violin and piano, Op. 34 (1923)
10 Pièces faciles à la première position for violin and piano (1935)
Habañera for violin (or cello) and piano (1935)
Sérénade espagnole for violin (or cello) and piano (1935)
Aria for alto saxophone (or flute, or clarinet, or violin, or cello) and piano (1936)
.Viola
Parthie for viola solo (1967)
Improvisation burlesque for viola and piano (1968)
.Cello
Habañera for violin (or cello) and piano (1935)
Sérénade espagnole for violin (or cello) and piano (1935)
Aria for alto saxophone (or flute, or clarinet, or violin, or cello) and piano (1936)
Orphéus for cello solo (published 1993)
.Double bass
Allegro et finale for double bass (or tuba, or bass saxhorn, or bass trombone) and piano (1953)
Prélude et allegro for double bass (or tuba, or bass saxhorn, or bass trombone) and piano (1953)
Pièce sur le nom d’Édouard Nanny for double bass and piano (1956)
8 Études for double bass (1976)
.Harp
Improvisation sur le nom de Marcel Tournier (1979)
Rondino et menuet (1991)
.Guitar
Concertino for guitar and string quartet (1969)
Deux impressions Andalouses for guitar (1969)
Trois préludes for guitar (1970)
.Flute
Aria for alto saxophone (or flute, or clarinet, or violin, or cello) and piano (1936)
Fantaisie italienne for clarinet (or flute, or oboe) and piano (1939)
Image for flute solo, Op. 38 (1939)
Agrestide for flute and piano, Op. 44 (1942)
Soir dans les montagnes for flute and piano (1946)
Trois cadences pour le concerto en sol pour flûte de Mozart (1949)
Air pastoral for flute (or oboe) and piano (1953)
Jour d’été à la montagne for flute quartet (1953)
Ronde for flute quartet (1953)
Trois impressions for flute and piano (1953)
14 Études-arabesques for flute (1960)
Deux impressions for flute and harp (1967)
Deux esquisses for flute quartet (1972)
Dialogue for flute and piano (1972)
10 Études sur des modes karnatiques (10 Studies in Karnatic Modes) for flute (1972)
Air de vielle for flute (or oboe) and piano (1976)
Berceuse for flute (or oboe) and piano (1976)
Quatre pièces faciles for flute and piano (1976)
Cinq chansons sur des thèmes japonais for flute and piano (1978)
Interlude for recorder (soprano / alto) solo, or flute solo (1978)
Phorbéia for flute solo (1978)
Trois pièces for flute quartet (1979)
3 Évocations for 2 flutes (1988)
Le chant de forêts
Aux bonds du torrent
Pastorale
.Recorder
Interlude for recorder (soprano / alto) solo, or flute solo (1978)
.Oboe / English horn
Divertissement for English horn (or alto saxophone) and piano, Op. 39 (1939)
Fantaisie italienne for clarinet (or flute, or oboe) and piano (1939)
Fantaisie pastorale for oboe and piano, Op. 37 (1939)
18 Études for oboe (1950)
Air pastoral for oboe (or flute) and piano (1953)
Conte pastorale for oboe and piano (1953)
Lied for English horn and piano (1954)
Sonate for oboe and piano (1971)
Suite monodique for oboe solo (1971)
14 Études sur des modes karnatiques (14 Studies in Karnatic Modes) for oboe solo (1972)
Air de vielle for oboe (or flute) and piano (1976)
Berceuse for oboe (or flute) and piano (1976)
Pastorale for oboe and piano (1979)
.Clarinet / bass clarinet
Aria for alto saxophone (or flute, or clarinet, or violin, or cello) and piano (1936)
Ballade for bass clarinet and piano (1939)
Fantaisie italienne for clarinet (or flute, or oboe) and piano (1939)
Pulcinella for clarinet (or alto saxophone) and piano (1944)
14 Études de mecanisme for clarinet (1948)
Bucolique for clarinet and piano (1949)
Claribel for clarinet and piano (1952)
12 Études for clarinet (1953)
Idylle for clarinet and piano (1959)
Prélude et divertissement for clarinet (or alto saxophone) and piano (1960)
Caprice-improvisation for clarinet and piano (1963)
Lucioles for 6 clarinets (1963)
Divertissement for clarinet and piano, Op. 39 (1964)
Épithalame for clarinet and piano (1971)
Sonatine for clarinet quartet (1971); also for flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon
11 Études sur des modes karnatiques (11 Studies in Karnatic Modes) for clarinet (1972)
Suite for clarinet and piano (1973)
Rapsodie niçoise for clarinet and piano (1977)
.Bassoon
Récit, sicilienne et rondo for bassoon and piano (1936)
Fantaisie for bassoon and piano (1945)
15 Études journalières for bassoon (1945)
Divertissement for 3 bassoons (1954)
Duettino for 2 bassoons (1954)
Burlesque for bassoon and piano (1957)
Espièglerie for bassoon and piano (1960)
Prélude et divertissement for bassoon and piano (1960)
Nocturne-danse for bassoon (or alto saxophone) and piano (1967)
12 Caprices for bassoon solo (1968)
Pièces brèves for bassoon solo (1968)
11 Études sur des modes karnatiques (11 Studies in Karnatic Modes) for bassoon (1972)
Shiva for bassoon and piano (1974)
Cadenza for bassoon and piano
.Saxophone
Aria for alto saxophone (or flute, or clarinet, or violin, or cello) and piano (1936)
Andante et Scherzo for saxophone quartet (1938)
Divertissement for alto saxophone (or English horn) and piano, Op. 39 (1939)
Pulcinella for alto saxophone (or clarinet) and piano, Op. 53 No. 1 (1944)
Scaramouche for alto saxophone and piano, Op. 53 No. 2 (1944)
12 Études-caprices for saxophone, Op. 60 (1944)
Nuages, Scherzo for saxophone quartet (1946)
Improvisation et caprice for saxophone solo (1952)
Impromptu et danse for alto saxophone (or baritone saxophone) and piano (1954)
Pièce brève for alto saxophone solo (1955)
Prélude et divertissement for alto saxophone (or clarinet) and piano (1960)
Chanson à bercer for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
Gavotte des demoiselles for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
La campanile for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
Menuet des pages for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
Parade des petits soldats for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
Petite gavotte for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
Rêves d’enfant for alto saxophone and piano (1964)
Nocturne-danse for alto saxophone (or bassoon) and piano (1967)
Tarentelle for alto saxophone and piano (1968)
Diptyque for alto saxophone and piano (1970)
Pièce concertante for tenor saxophone and piano
.Horn
En forêt for horn and piano (or orchestra), Op. 40 (1941)
En Irlande for horn and piano (1951)
Suite for horn quartet (1952)
Chant lointain for horn and piano (1957)
Sur les cimes for horn and piano (1960)
18 Études en forme d’improvisation for horn (1961)
Entretiens for horn and piano (1974)
.Trumpet / cornet
Caprice No. 1 for trumpet and piano, Op. 47 (1943)
Badinage for trumpet and piano (1950)
16 Études for trumpet, bugle, or cornet (1950)
Dialogue for 2 trumpets (1954)
Rustiques for cornet or trumpet and piano (1955)
Rapsodie for trumpet and piano (1957)
Cornettina for cornet or trumpet and piano (1965)
Frigariana for trumpet and piano (1967)
11 Études sur des modes karnatiques (11 Studies in Karnatic Modes) for trumpet (1972)
Lied for trumpet and piano (1976)
Caprice No. 2 for trumpet and piano (1978)
.Trombone
Ballade for trombone and piano (1944)
Allegro et finale for bass trombone (or double bass, or tuba, or bass saxhorn) and piano (1953)
Prélude et allegro for bass trombone (or double bass, or tuba, or bass saxhorn) and piano (1953)
13 Études-caprices for trombone (1956)
Hommage à Bach for trombone and piano (1957)
Thème varié for bass trombone (or tuba, or bass saxhorn) and piano (1957)
New Orleans for bass trombone (or tuba, or bass saxhorn) and piano (1962)
3 Pièces for trombone quartet (tuba ad libitum) (1964)
Ciaccona for trombone and piano (1967)
11 Études sur des modes karnatiques (11 Studies in Karnatic Modes) for trombone (1972)
.Bass saxhorn
Allegro et finale for bass saxhorn (or double bass, or tuba, or bass trombone) and piano (1953)
Prélude et allegro for bass saxhorn (or double bass, or tuba, or bass trombone) and piano (1953)
Thème varié for bass saxhorn (or tuba, or bass trombone) and piano (1957)
New Orleans for bass saxhorn (or tuba, or bass trombone) and piano (1962)
.Tuba
Allegro et finale for tuba (or double bass, or bass saxhorn, or bass trombone) and piano (1953)
Prélude et allegro for tuba (or double bass, or bass saxhorn, or bass trombone) and piano (1953)
Thème varié for tuba (or bass saxhorn, or bass trombone) and piano (1957)
New Orleans for tuba (or bass saxhorn, or bass trombone) and piano (1962)
.Percussion
Rythmic for timpani, percussion and piano, Op. 70 (1948)
Rhapsodie sur des airs japonais for timpani, xylophone, vibraphone, percussion and piano (1978)
Vanaspati for 12 percussionists and xylophone ad libitum (1979)
Rag Music for timpani, glockenspiel, xylophone, marimba, vibraphone, percussion and piano (1981)
Trois esquisses japonaises for percussion
.Duos
Sonatine for flute and bassoon (1938)
Ricercare for violin and cello (1959)
Polydiaphonie for flute and guitar (1972)
Quatre esquisses for trumpet and trombone (1974)
Trois mouvements for flute and clarinet (1974)
Berceuse et sérénade for flute and guitar (1976)
Sonatine for viola and cello (1976)
Contrastes I for flute and bassoon (1977)
Contrastes II for oboe and bassoon (1977)
Contrastes III for clarinet and bassoon (1977)
Contrastes IV for trumpet and horn (1977)
Trois essais for trombone and percussion (1977)
Trois pièces for flute and guitar (1977)
Trois pièces for flute and oboe (or flute) (published 1990)
.Trios
Fughette, sicilienne, rigaudon for oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1934)
Suite brève en trio for oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1947)
Sérénade en trio for flute, clarinet and bassoon (1971)
.Quartets
Quatuor en la for string quartet (1946)
3 Pièces pour une musique de nuit for flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1954)
Trois pièces for 4 trombones (bass trombone or tuba ad libitum) (1964)
Sérénade pour quatuor à vent for flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1969)
Sonatine pour quatuor à vent for flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1971)
Trois pièces pour quatuor de cuivres for 2 trumpets, horn and trombone (1977)
.Quintets
Variations sur un thème libre for woodwind quintet, Op. 42 (1943)
Scherzo for woodwind quintet, Op. 48 (1944)
Sonatine for brass quintet (1951)
Bis for brass quintet (1963)
Giration for brass quintet (1967)
Suite française for brass quintet (1967)
Suite [No. 2] for brass quintet (1967)
Pentaphonie for woodwind quintet (1969)
Trilogie for brass quintet (1969)
Trois mouvements for 2 trumpets (or cornets), horn, trombone and tuba (1979)
Quand les muses collaborent for woodwind quintet
.Larger ensembles
Symphonie da camera for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons and 2 horns (1960)
Quatre mouvements pour septuor à vent for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet and trombone (1970)
Octanphonie for 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 horns and 2 bassoons (1972)
Prélude et chaconne for 3 trumpets, 4 horns, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum and gong (1976)
Trois pièces pour septuor de cuivres for 2 trumpets, horn, 3 trombones and tuba (1985)
Cappricio sur le nom de Claude Delvincourt for 12 wind instruments
Symphonie de chambre for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, harp, celesta and piano
참고 = 위키백과
크리스천라이프 편집부