1660년 9월 13일, 영국의 소설가•언론인 대니얼 디포 (Daniel Defoe, 1660 ~ 1731) 출생
대니얼 디포 (Daniel Defoe, 본명 Daniel Foe, 1660년 9월 13일 ~ 1731년 4월 24일)는 영국의 소설가 · 언론인이다.
– 대니얼 디포 (Daniel Defoe)
.본명: Daniel Foe
.출생: 1660년 9월 13일, 영국 런던
.사망: 1731년 4월 24일, 영국 런던
.국적: 영국
.자녀: 소피아 데포, 벤자민 노튼 데포, 한나 데포, 헨리에타 보스턴, 다니엘 데포
.영화: Crusoe, The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Man Friday, 로빈슨 크루소 등
런던에서 상인의 아들로 출생하여, 비국교도의 학교에서 교육을 받고 여러 가지 사업에 손을 댔으나 실패하였다.
이 때부터 정치 논문을 쓰며 언론 활동을 하다가 1719년 ‘로빈슨 크루소’를 발표하여 명성을 얻었다.
주요 저서로 ‘선장 싱글턴의 모험’, ‘세계 신항해’ 등이 있다.
○ 생애 및 활동
비국교도였기 때문에 고급 전문직의 길이 막혀 사업을 시작했다.
하지만 실패를 거듭하고는 타고난 글재주를 활용해서 쪽수로 계산해서 받는 원고료에 매달렸다.
저널리스트로 활동하고 만년에는 소설도 썼지만 일생의 유일한 목표는 자신에게 주어진 여건 속에서 큰돈을 버는 일이었다.
놀라울 정도로 많은 글을 썼는데, 주요 소설을 집중적으로 발표한 1719년에서 1724년 사이에는 300쪽 넘는 책만 21편을 냈고, 그 후 1731년 사망 시까지 5년여 동안 12권을 더 썼다.
대표작으로 ‘로빈슨 크루소’를 비롯해서 ‘싱글턴 선장’ (Captain Singleton, 1720), ‘몰 플랜더스’ (1722), ‘ 흑사병 연도의 일지’ (A Journal of the Plague Year, 1722), ‘자크 대령’ (1722), ‘행운의 여인 록새너’ 등이 있다.
○ 작품
소설가 이전에 왕성한 저널리스트였던 다니엘 디포는 40대를 활발한 언론가로 보냈었다. 그후 60대가 그의 가장 활동적인 시절로 집필에 몰두하며 본격적인 소설가로 활약하였다. 59세 때 발표한 『로빈슨 크루소』가 성공함으로써 19세기의 가장 위대한 작가의 한 사람이 되었다.
- 주요작품
로빈슨 크루소
해적 싱글턴 : Captain Singleton (1720)
몰 플랜더스 : Moll Flanders (1722)
로크사나 : Roxana (1724)
영국 주유기 (周遊記) : A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain (1724 ∼ 1726)
- Selected works
- Novels
The Consolidator, or Memoirs of Sundry Transactions from the World in the Moon: Translated from the Lunar Language (1705)
Robinson Crusoe (1719) – originally published in two volumes:
.The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who Lived Eight and Twenty Years […]
.The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe: Being the Second and Last Part of His Life […]
Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe: With his Vision of the Angelick World (1720)
Captain Singleton (1720)
Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720)
A Journal of the Plague Year (1722)
Colonel Jack (1722)
Moll Flanders (1722)
Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress (1724)
- Non-fiction
An Essay Upon Projects (1697) – subsections of the text include: “The History of Projects,” “Of Projectors,” “Of Banks,” “Of the Highways,” “Of Assurances,” “Of Friendly Societies,” “The Proposal is for a Pension Office,” “Of Wagering,” “Of Fools,” “A Charity-Lottery,” “Of Bankrupts,” “Of Academies” (including a section proposing an academy for women), “Of a Court Merchant,” and “Of Seamen.”
The Storm (1704) – describes the worst storm ever to hit Britain in recorded times. Includes eyewitness accounts.
Atlantis Major (1711)
The Family Instructor (1715)
Memoirs of the Church of Scotland (1717)
The History of the Remarkable Life of John Sheppard (1724) – describing Sheppard’s life of crime and concluding with the miraculous escapes from prison for which he had become a public sensation.
A Narrative of All The Robberies, Escapes, &c. of John Sheppard (1724) – written by or taken from Sheppard himself in the condemned cell before he was hanged for theft, apparently by way of conclusion to the Defoe work. According to the Introduction to Volume 16 of the works of Defoe published by J M Dent in 1895, Sheppard handed the manuscript to the publisher Applebee from the prisoners’ cart as he was taken away to be hanged. It included a correction of a factual detail and an explanation of how his escapes from prison were achieved.
A tour thro’ the whole island of Great Britain, divided into circuits or journies (1724–1727)
A New Voyage Round the World (1724)
The Political History of the Devil (1726)
The Complete English Tradesman (1726)
A treatise concerning the use and abuse of the marriage bed… (1727)
A Plan of the English Commerce (1728) – describes how the English woolen textile industrial base was developed by protectionist policies by Tudor monarchs, especially by Henry VII of England and Elizabeth I, including such policies as high tariffs on the importation of finished woolen goods, high taxes on raw wool leaving England, bringing in artisans skilled in wool textile manufacturing from the Low Countries, selective government-granted monopoly rights, and government-sponsored industrial espionage.
- Pamphlets or essays in prose
The Poor Man’s Plea (1698)
The History of the Kentish Petition (1701)
The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702)
The Great Law of Subordination Consider’d (1704)
Giving Alms No Charity, and Employing the Poor (1704)
An Appeal to Honour and Justice, Tho’ it be of his Worst Enemies, by Daniel Defoe, Being a True Account of His Conduct in Publick Affairs (1715)
A Vindication of the Press: Or, An Essay on the Usefulness of Writing, on Criticism, and the Qualification of Authors (1718)
Every-body’s Business, Is No-body’s Business (1725)
The Protestant Monastery (1726)
Parochial Tyranny (1727)
Augusta Triumphans (1728)
Second Thoughts are Best (1729)
An Essay Upon Literature (1726)
Mere Nature Delineated (1726)
Conjugal Lewdness (1727) – Anti-Contraception Essay
- Pamphlets or essays in verse
The True-Born Englishman: A Satyr (1701)
Hymn to the Pillory (1703)
An Essay on the Late Storm (1704)
- Some contested works attributed to Defoe
A Friendly Epistle by way of reproof from one of the people called Quakers, to T. B., a dealer in many words (1715).
The King of Pirates (1719) – purporting to be an account of the pirate Henry Avery.
The Pirate Gow (1725) – an account of John Gow.
A General History of the Pyrates (1724, 1725, 1726, 1828) – published in two volumes by Charles Rivington, who had a shop near St. Paul’s Cathedral, London. Published under the name of Captain Charles Johnson, it sold in many editions.
Captain Carleton’s Memoirs of an English Officer (1728).
The life and adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, commonly call’d Mother Ross (1740) – published anonymously; printed and sold by R. Montagu in London; and attributed to Defoe but more recently not accepted.
참고 = 위키백과, 교보문고
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